The national and historical paradigm of the humanities in the first and second half of the 20th century led to the search for civilizational issues, especially at the ethnic level, and historical events such as invasions and war cataclysms.
Discourse is reversing and archeology is increasingly flirting with the natural sciences. From the perspective of today’s hunt for climate change, it is no wonder that scientifically based views are emerging about the decisive influence of climate on the demise of Central Asian historical civilizations (see here and here).
With all due respect to the expertise of Willem Toonen and Mark Macklin et al. I have doubts as to whether they would publish the results of geological and sedimentation analyzes even if they did not show any climatic historical deviations. Are there still blind tests in science today?